![]() Rechargeable devices exist that use three-pin XLR connectors. Three-pin XLR connectors are used to interconnect powered speakers with line-level signals used for PA system applications. The Speakon connector accepts larger wire and carries more current, and it provides a better shield for the contacts, which may carry dangerous voltages when connected to an amplifier. The XLR could accept 14 AWG (1.6 mm or 0.063 in) wire with a current-carrying capacity of 15 amps, suitable for most loudspeakers, but they have been superseded by the Speakon connector for professional loudspeakers. In previous years, they were used for loudspeaker connections, for instance by Trace Elliot in its bass enclosures. The great majority of professional microphones use the XLR connector. Three-pin XLR connectors are by far the most common style, and are an industry standard for balanced audio signals. Current patterns and applications Three-pin (XLR3) The circumference of an XLR connector at the widest point is 59.7 mm (2.35 in). There is a loose convention for audio work that signals are generated by equipment with male pins and transmitted to those with female receptacles. A common misnomer is that 'plugs' are free connectors and 'sockets' are panel-mounted, but XLR uses many free female sockets and panel-mounted male plugs. XLR are unusual as, at least in audio applications, all four combinations of male and female, plugs and sockets are equally common. For most XLR, plugs are male and sockets are female. ![]() A 'plug' connector enters the 'socket' connector, judged by the largest element. The terminology for labeling the corresponding members of a pair of mating connectors follows the usual rules for the gender of connectors: a 'male' connector is the one with pins on the smallest element, 'female' has corresponding receptacles. Neutrik offers connectors in both six-pin designs. The Switchcraft six-pin female will accept a standard five-pin male plug whereas the Neutrik six-pin design will not. The older Switchcraft six-pin design adds a center pin to the standard five-pin design, whereas the newer Neutrik design is a different pattern. XLR connectors from different manufacturers will intermate, with the exception of six-pin models, which are available in two incompatible designs. As of 2016, XLR connectors are available with up to 10 pins, and mini XLR connectors with up to eight. With the ground connection established before the signal lines are connected, the insertion (and removal) of XLR connectors in live equipment is possible without hearing an annoying static pop (as usually happens with, for example, RCA connectors). The female XLR connectors are designed with a longer metal sleeve to first connect pin 1 (the earth pin), before the other pins make contact, when a male XLR connector is inserted. This is slightly unusual as many other connector designs omit one of the styles (typically a chassis mounting male connector). XLR connectors are available in male and female versions in both cable and chassis mounting designs, a total of four styles. Later, the Switchcraft corporation manufactured compatible connectors, followed by the Neutrik company, which made improvements to the connector, and produced a second-generation design (the X-series) that had only four parts for the cable connector, and eliminated the small screws used in the models of XLR connectors made by Cannon and Switchcraft. ![]() The Australian factory was sold to Alcatel Components in 1992 and then acquired by Amphenol in 1998. Originally, the ITT Cannon company manufactured XLR connectors in two locations: Kanagawa, Japan, and Melbourne, Australia. ![]() There was also the XLP series of connectors with hard plastic insulation, but the XLR model name is commonly used for all of the variants. The XLR connector originated from the Cannon X series of connectors by 1950, a latching mechanism was added to the connector, which produced the Cannon XL model of connector, and by 1955, the female connector featured synthetic-rubber insulation polychloroprene (neoprene), identified with the part-number prefix XLR. Cannon, founder of the Cannon Electric company, Los Angeles, California. The XLR connector (also Cannon plug and Cannon connector) was invented by James H. Male and female XLR connectors with different numbers of pins ![]()
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